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UoL CS Notes

History

COMP211 Lectures

1961-1972 - Early Packet-switching Principles

  • 1961 - Kleinrock - Queuing theory shows effectiveness of packet switching.
  • 1964 - Baran - Packet-switching in military nets.
  • 1967 - ARPAnet conceived by Advanced Research Projects Agency.
  • 1969 - First ARPAnet node operational.
  • 1972 - ARPAnet public demo.
    • NCP - Network control protocol is the first host-host protocol.
    • First e-mail program.
    • ARPAnet has 15 nodes.

1972-1980 - Internet Working, New & Proprietary Nets

  • 1970 - ALOHAnet satellite network in Hawaii.
  • 1974 - Cerf & Kahn - Architectures for interconnecting networks.
    • Minimalism, autonomy - no internal changes required to interconnect networks.
    • Best effort service model.
    • Stateless routing.
    • Decentralised control
  • 1976 - Ethernet at Xerox PARC.
  • Late 70s - Proprietary architectures: DECnet, SNA, XNA.
  • 1979 - ARPAnet has 200 nodes.

1980-1990 - New Protocols, A Proliferation of Networks

  • 1983 - Deployment of TCP/IP
  • 1982 - SMTP e-mail protocol defines.
  • 1983 - DNS defines for name-to-IP-address translation.
  • 1985 - FTP protocol defined.
  • 1988 - TCP congestion control.

The french government gives free network access devices to access the Minitel network.

1990-2000 - Commercialisation, The Web, New Applications

  • Early 1990s - ARPAnet decommissioned.
  • 1991 - NSF lifts restrictions on commercial use of NSFnet (decommissioned 1995).
  • Early 1990s - The Web
    • Hypertext (Bush - 1945, Nelson - 1960s)
    • HTML, HTTP (Berners-Lee)
    • 1994 - Mosaic, later Netscape.
    • Late 1990s - Commercialisation of the web.
  • Late 1990s-200s:
    • More killer apps - Instant messaging, P2P file sharing.
    • Network security to forefront.
    • 50 millions hosts, 100 million users.
    • Backbone links running at Gbps

2005-Present - More applications, greater proliferation.

  • 18 billion connected device.
  • Aggressive deployment of broadband.
  • Online social networks.
  • Service providers (Google, FB…) create their own networks.
  • Enterprises run their services in the cloud.